Definition / Explanation
Connectors link ideas and show relations such as reason, result, contrast, or addition. Punctuation helps the reader see those relations clearly and prevents sentences from becoming confusing or incorrect. At B1, learners need to control a small group of common connectors such as because, so, but, and however. The grammar is not only about choosing the right linker, but also about placing commas, full stops, or semicolons correctly. This is especially important for avoiding run-on sentences and weak paragraph structure.
Key Rules
- Use because to give a reason: I stayed home because I was ill.
- Use so to show a result: I was ill, so I stayed home.
- Use however for contrast; it often needs stronger punctuation.
- Use a comma before so when it joins two full clauses.
- Do not join two full sentences with only a comma if the connector does not allow it.
Examples
- I was tired, so I went home.
- She stayed in because she was ill.
- He tried hard; however, it was too late.
- We left early because the traffic was bad.
- I wanted to help, but I didn't have time.
Common Mistakes
- ❌ I was tired, however I went home. -> ✅ I was tired. However, I went home.
- ❌ She stayed in, because she was ill. -> ✅ She stayed in because she was ill.
- ❌ He was late so the meeting started without him. -> ✅ He was late, so the meeting started without him.