Definition / Explanation
Discourse markers are words and phrases that help organize speech and writing. They show attitude, contrast, sequence, example, result, or a change of topic. Examples include actually, anyway, for example, in fact, by the way, and well. They do not usually change the main grammar of the sentence, but they make communication easier to follow. At B1, they are important because they improve fluency and help ideas connect more naturally.
Key Rules
- Use discourse markers to guide the listener or reader.
- Some markers add contrast: however, actually.
- Some move the conversation on: anyway, so.
- Some add examples: for example, for instance.
- In speech, discourse markers often sound natural and help with fluency.
Examples
- Actually, I don't agree with that idea.
- Anyway, let's start the meeting.
- We need to cut costs. For example, we could travel less.
- By the way, did you call Anna?
- In fact, the problem is bigger than we thought.
Common Mistakes
- ❌ Actually I don't agree. -> ✅ Actually, I don't agree.
- ❌ We need more time, for example let's meet tomorrow. -> ✅ We need more time. For example, let's meet tomorrow.
- ❌ By the way did you send the file? -> ✅ By the way, did you send the file?