Definition / Explanation
Discourse markers are words and phrases that show how ideas connect inside a sentence, paragraph, or conversation. They guide the reader or listener through addition, contrast, result, example, summary, and other logical relationships. At B2, learners need a wider range than basic linkers such as and, but, and so. Words like moreover, nevertheless, on the other hand, and in contrast help create more organised and nuanced communication. Good use of discourse markers improves cohesion, tone, and flow.
Key Rules
- Use markers of addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition.
- Use markers of contrast: however, nevertheless, on the other hand.
- Use markers of result: therefore, as a result, consequently.
- Use markers of example: for example, for instance.
- Choose markers carefully because they also affect register and tone.
Examples
- Moreover, the cost is high.
- Nevertheless, we continued.
- The plan is risky. On the other hand, it could save money.
- We need a new strategy. For example, we could reduce delays.
- As a result, sales increased.
Common Mistakes
- ❌ Moreover but, the cost is high. -> ✅ Moreover, the cost is high. / ✅ However, the cost is high.
- ❌ The plan is risky, nevertheless it could work. -> ✅ The plan is risky; nevertheless, it could work.
- ❌ We need a new strategy, for example we could reduce delays. -> ✅ We need a new strategy. For example, we could reduce delays.