Definisi / Penjelasan
Discourse markers membantu menyusun ide dan membimbing pembaca melalui argumen. Pada level C1, discourse markers melakukan lebih dari sekadar menghubungkan poin sederhana; discourse markers menunjukkan concession, consequence, contrast, reinforcement, dan evaluation. Ekspresi seperti admittedly, in fact, consequently, moreover, by contrast, dan nevertheless membantu teks terdengar terkontrol dan logis. Discourse markers sangat berguna dalam esai, presentasi, laporan, dan debat. Keterampilan utamanya bukan hanya mengenal markers ini, tetapi juga menggunakan secara presisi dan di posisi yang tepat.
Aturan Utama
- Gunakan discourse markers untuk menunjukkan hubungan jelas seperti addition, contrast, result, concession, dan example.
- Pilih markers berdasarkan makna, bukan kebiasaan: however tidak sama dengan therefore.
- Banyak markers memengaruhi tanda baca dan posisi kalimat: However, ... / It was expensive; however, we bought it.
- Pemakaian berlebihan bisa membuat tulisan berat atau artifisial. Gunakan saat menambah logika, bukan di setiap kalimat.
- Dalam percakapan, markers juga membantu mengelola interaksi dan membingkai poinmu.
Contoh
- Admittedly, it's expensive. - Admittedly, ini mahal.
- Consequently, we postponed it. - Consequently, kami menundanya.
- The plan is risky. Nevertheless, it may work. - Rencananya berisiko. Nevertheless, ini mungkin berhasil.
- Moreover, the cost is higher than we expected. - Moreover, biayanya lebih tinggi dari perkiraan.
- In fact, the problem began much earlier. - In fact, masalahnya mulai jauh lebih awal.
Kesalahan Umum
- ❌ It was expensive. Therefore, we bought it anyway. -> ✅ It was expensive. Nevertheless, we bought it anyway.
- ❌ Consequently of the delay, we missed the train. -> ✅ As a consequence of the delay, we missed the train. / ✅ Consequently, we missed the train.
- ❌ He is tired, moreover he went home. -> ✅ He is tired, so he went home. / ✅ He was tired; moreover, he had been working all day.