정의 / 설명
third conditional은 바꿀 수 없는 과거에 대해 "만약 ~했다면 ~했을 텐데"를 말할 때 씁니다.
핵심 규칙
- 형태: if + had + past participle, would have + past participle
- 과거 비현실 조건 + 과거 비현실 결과
- 절 순서를 바꿔도 의미는 같다.
- 결과절에 could have / might have도 가능
- 보통 if 절에 would have를 쓰지 않는다.
예문
- If I had studied, I would have passed. - 공부했더라면 합격했을 텐데요.
- She would have come if she had known. - 그녀가 알았더라면 왔을 것입니다.
- If they had left earlier, they could have caught the train. - 더 일찍 출발했더라면 기차를 탈 수 있었을 것입니다.
- We might have won if we had played better. - 더 잘했더라면 이겼을지도 모릅니다.
- If you had called me, I would have helped. - 당신이 전화했더라면 제가 도왔을 것입니다.
자주 하는 실수
- ❌ If I would have studied, I would have passed. -> ✅ If I had studied, I would have passed.
- ❌ She would have come if she would have known. -> ✅ She would have come if she had known.
- ❌ If they had left earlier, they would caught the train. -> ✅ If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.