定义 / 说明
除了 say/tell，英语还有大量 reporting verbs 可表达态度、意图和说话者关系。像 threaten, refuse, warn, promise, claim, deny, urge, acknowledge 都更精确，也常带固定语法模式。C1 阶段正确选择这些动词能让写作更专业，避免反复 said。挑战在于同时匹配“意义 + 语法 + 语域”。
关键规则
- 选词要匹配交际意图：warn, promise, refuse, admit, claim。
- 记清该动词接 to-infinitive、-ing、object + infinitive 还是 that-clause。
- 某些动词带评价立场：admit（承认真相）、claim（带距离感）、refuse（拒绝）。
- 正式写作常依赖这类精确动词。
- 不要只为“高级”而用高级词，必须语义匹配。
例句
- She threatened to quit. - 她威胁要辞职。
- He refused to comment. - 他拒绝评论。
- They urged us to reconsider. - 他们敦促我们重新考虑。
- The company claimed that demand had fallen. - 公司声称需求下降了。
- She acknowledged making a mistake. - 她承认自己犯了错。
常见错误
- ❌ He refused commenting. -> ✅ He refused to comment.
- ❌ She threatened that she quits. -> ✅ She threatened to quit.
- ❌ They urged that we to leave. -> ✅ They urged us to leave.