定义 / 说明
高级阶段的被动语态不只是主被动转换，而是一种文体与信息焦点选择：先说什么、突出什么、执行者是否重要。被动常见于正式写作、新闻、学术文本和流程描述。英语还允许不同被动风格，如 be-passive 与 get-passive（后者更动态/口语）。用好被动，需要同时考虑信息流、强调点与语域。
关键规则
- 基本结构：be + past participle。
- 当结果、过程、受事比执行者更重要时用被动。
- 若执行者未知/显而易见/不重要，可省略：The files were deleted.
- 仅当执行者重要时加 by + agent：The play was written by Miller.
- get-passive 更常见于口语，并常带“变化/介入”感：He got promoted.
- 不必把每个主动句都改成被动；只有在有助表达时才用。
例句
- The data were collected in 2025. - 数据于 2025 年收集。
- He got promoted after two years. - 两年后他升职了。
- The decision was made by senior management. - 该决定由高层管理层作出。
- Several errors were found during the review. - 审核期间发现了若干错误。
- My laptop got damaged on the trip. - 我的笔记本在旅途中坏了。
常见错误
- ❌ The report was wrote last week. -> ✅ The report was written last week.
- ❌ The meeting was cancelled from the manager. -> ✅ The meeting was cancelled by the manager.
- ❌ He was got promoted in June. -> ✅ He got promoted in June. / ✅ He was promoted in June.
提示
- 被动形式不难，难的是被动风格：看 focus 与 register。
- 执行者若不提供有效信息，就省略。