定义 / 说明
省略（ellipsis）指在语法上本可出现但因语境已清楚而省去的词。母语者在口语和写作中都大量使用省略，以避免重复并提高效率。它常见于并列结构、简短回答、标题、便条、口语问句（如 Seen my keys?）。C1 难点不在“会不会省略”，而在“何时省略仍自然、何时会造成歧义”。好的省略依赖共享语境与可恢复意义。
关键规则
- 当听者能轻松补回时，可省略重复词：I can cook and (I can) drive.
- 在 and/but/than/as 后、简短回答中，省略很常见。
- 熟悉语境的口语中，主语或助动词常被省略：Coming with us?
- 正式写作要谨慎；若省略影响清晰度，应保留完整形式。
- 若省略会丢失关键语法信息或导致歧义，不要省。
例句
- I can play the guitar and (can) sing. - 我会弹吉他，也会唱歌。
- Seen my keys? (= Have you seen my keys?) - 看到我的钥匙了吗？
- She knows more than I do. - 她懂得比我多。
- If you want to leave early, you can. - 如果你想早走，可以。
- Tom ordered the fish, and Anna the pasta. - Tom 点了鱼，Anna 点了意面。
常见错误
- ❌ She can speak French and can speaking German. -> ✅ She can speak French and (can) speak German.
- ❌ Seen my keys yesterday? -> ✅ Have you seen my keys today? / ✅ Did you see my keys yesterday?
- ❌ He works harder than me do. -> ✅ He works harder than I do.
提示
- 省略最适合“缺失部分容易重建”的场景。
- 若读者需要停下来猜，说明省略过度了。