定义 / 说明
衔接（cohesion）是句子之间形成清晰流动文本的能力。重要手段之一是“指代”（reference）：用 this/that/such/so 回指前文，而不是机械重复。它们可指代名词、整句甚至整个情境。C1 阶段要特别注意指代清晰：读者必须明确“它到底指什么”。好的指代让文本高效优雅；不清晰则让文本含混。
关键规则
- 用 this/that 回指前述观点、事件或情境：This was unexpected.
- 用 such + noun phrase 进行归类或强调：such behaviour, such a response。
- 用 so 于 do so / say so / think so / so + adjective/adverb 等模式。
- 必须确保指代唯一明确；若存在多重可能，改写或重复关键名词。
- 正式写作中，明确指代常比简单重复更能提升衔接。
例句
- The plan failed. This was predictable. - 计划失败了，这在意料之中。
- He said he'd help, and so he did. - 他说会帮忙，他也确实做到了。
- We had never seen such confusion before. - 我们从没见过如此混乱。
- The proposal was rejected. That surprised everyone. - 提案被拒绝了，这让所有人惊讶。
- They expected delays, and rightly so. - 他们预期会延迟，而且这种预期是对的。
常见错误
- ❌ The company rejected the plan, and this upset it. -> ✅ The company rejected the plan, and this decision upset the team.
- ❌ He said he was tired, and such went home. -> ✅ He said he was tired, and so he went home.
- ❌ We had never seen so confusion before. -> ✅ We had never seen such confusion before.