定义 / 说明
替代（substitution）是衔接手段：用更短形式替换重复词、短语或整句意思。英语常用 one/ones、do so、so、not、neither、too。它可让表达更流畅，避免累赘。C1 关键是为不同层级选对替代项：名词、动词短语、整句命题。替代用得好会提升文体；用得生硬则显得僵硬过度正式。
关键规则
- one/ones 替代可数名词：the red one, the cheaper ones。
- do so 主要用于较正式写作中替代动词短语：... and did so immediately.
- 在 think/hope/say/suppose 后可用 so：I think so.
- 用 neither/nor 与 so + auxiliary 表示同意/附和：I didn't, and neither did she.
- one 不用于不可数名词，也不用于一般指代“人”。
例句
- I'll take the red one. - 我拿红色那个。
- The small bags are useful, but the large ones are cheaper. - 小包实用，但大包更便宜。
- He said he would apologise, and he did so the next day. - 他说会道歉，第二天他确实道歉了。
- "Will they win?" - "I think so." - “他们会赢吗？”“我觉得会。”
- I don't like crowded places, and neither does my brother. - 我不喜欢拥挤场所，我兄弟也不喜欢。
常见错误
- ❌ I'll take the red it. -> ✅ I'll take the red one.
- ❌ She said she would call, and she did it so. -> ✅ She said she would call, and she did so.
- ❌ I don't smoke, and so doesn't my sister. -> ✅ I don't smoke, and neither does my sister.