定义 / 说明
在高级学术与分析写作中，reported speech 的作用不是复述原话，而是定位来源并表达对命题的立场。不同 reporting verbs 会传达不同强度与态度：argue 表“有理据主张”，suggest 更谨慎，demonstrate 更强。语法模式也同样关键，因为不同动词后接结构不同。C2 阶段，转述是论证结构工具，而不只是语法改写。
关键规则
- 选能精确表达立场的动词：argues, claims, suggests, demonstrates, acknowledges。
- 使动词与结构匹配：argue that, suggest that, advise someone to, deny -ing。
- 学术文体里常是“概述来源观点”，而非逐字引用。
- 动词选择会影响句子显得多笃定、多批判或多中性。
- 时态需与周围学术叙述框架保持一致。
例句
- The author argues that the policy was premature. - 作者认为该政策过于仓促。
- Several studies have suggested that the link is weak. - 多项研究表明这种关联较弱。
- Smith acknowledges that the data are limited. - Smith 承认数据有限。
- The report demonstrates that costs have risen. - 报告显示成本上升。
- Researchers have questioned whether the sample was large enough. - 研究者质疑样本是否足够大。
常见错误
- ❌ The author says the policy was premature in formal academic writing where stance matters. -> ✅ The author argues that the policy was premature.
- ❌ Several studies have suggested the link is weak. -> ✅ Several studies have suggested that the link is weak.
- ❌ Researchers questioned that the sample was large enough. -> ✅ Researchers questioned whether the sample was large enough.