Definition / Explanation
Discourse markers help organise ideas and guide the reader through an argument. At C1 level, they do more than just link simple points; they show concession, consequence, contrast, reinforcement, and evaluation. Expressions such as admittedly, in fact, consequently, moreover, by contrast, and nevertheless help a text sound controlled and logical. They are especially useful in essays, presentations, reports, and debates. The main skill is not only knowing these markers, but also using them precisely and in the right position.
Key Rules
- Use discourse markers to show clear relationships such as addition, contrast, result, concession, and example.
- Choose markers by meaning, not by habit: however is not the same as therefore.
- Many markers affect punctuation and sentence position: However, ... / It was expensive; however, we bought it.
- Overuse can make writing heavy or artificial. Use them where they add logic, not every sentence.
- In speech, markers also help manage interaction and frame your point.
Examples
- Admittedly, it's expensive.
- Consequently, we postponed it.
- The plan is risky. Nevertheless, it may work.
- Moreover, the cost is higher than we expected.
- In fact, the problem began much earlier.
Common Mistakes
- ❌ It was expensive. Therefore, we bought it anyway. -> ✅ It was expensive. Nevertheless, we bought it anyway.
- ❌ Consequently of the delay, we missed the train. -> ✅ As a consequence of the delay, we missed the train. / ✅ Consequently, we missed the train.
- ❌ He is tired, moreover he went home. -> ✅ He is tired, so he went home. / ✅ He was tired; moreover, he had been working all day.